Poverty Alleviation Related Policy And Actions - 1545 Words

Poverty Alleviation Related Policy and Actions in Guangdong Since 2009, Guangdong province has developed a unique pattern in poverty alleviation and development called â€Å"Double To†, that is, â€Å"Plan to Every Household, Responsibility to People†. â€Å"Plan to Every Household† includes the identification of targets for poverty alleviation programme. Able-bodied rural residents whose incomes are below the poverty line are the main targets for poverty reduction program. The government will establish and improve poverty identification mechanism, build up archives and update them dynamically so as to ensure the effective support for the targeted poor population. On this basis and according to the specific requirements of poverty alleviation and development of county level, the local government will further make plans for the targeted poor population, suit the implement of poverty alleviation and development to local conditions, and tackle every obstacle step by step and village by village. â€Å"Responsibility to People† include leader responsibility, work responsibility, linked responsibility, support responsibility, society responsibility, and self-responsibility. The core meaning of â€Å"Responsibility to People† is to make sure that the implement of every poverty alleviation and development programme is closely linked to the responsible ones, so that a responsibility system can be maintained throughout the poverty alleviation and development programme, a system inShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Natural Heritage Conservation For The Health Of The People, Environment And Economic Development1285 Words   |  6 Pagesin the interest in natural heritage values in the past 100 years which has resulted in a number of officially protected areas of conservation. There is a general expectation that natural heritage conservation actions should also benefit human well-being and contribute to poverty alleviation. This paper will exami ne whether or not these are realistic expectations or simply ideas written on paper. Dr Will Turner, the Vice President for Conservation International states: â€Å"conserving the world’s remainingRead MoreDeveloping Countries And Its Effects On Economic Growth1436 Words   |  6 Pagesis the most important way to reduce poverty. Estimates of these studies are that a 10 percent increase in a country’s average income will reduce the poverty rate by 20 to 30 percent. Specific studies done in 14 separate countries in the 1990s showed that poverty fell in 11 countries that experienced significant economic growth and rose in the 3 countries with stagnant growth. For these countries, on average a 1 percent increase in per capita income reduced poverty by 1.7 percent. India has experiencedRead MoreThe Eleventh Conference of Parties held in Hyderabad, India 1383 Words   |  6 Pages Hyderabad COP11 and Post COP11 The main point of discussion in the Eleventh Conference of Parties held in Hyderabad, India was the implementation of the Aichi Targets as well updating the national strategies and action plans, also to discuss the financial mechanisms required to implement these targets. The opening statement given by Ms. Jayanthi Natarajan, Minister of Environment and Forests of GoI and the President of the COP11 was, â€Å"Biodiversity, the variety of life on earth, was vital to socialRead MoreYouth Unemployment in South Africa1611 Words   |  7 PagesSouth Africa aches with a chronic case of youth unemployment. The condition is appalling and the youth are on edge. Government has established numerous policies or interventions to tackle the problem and create employment. However each policy discussion to address this issue has encountered firm oppositions from various stakeholders. For example, one of South Africa’s leading trade union’s strongly opposed the Employment Tax Incentive (ETI) or Youth Wage Subsidy proposed by government. This essayRead MoreRelevance For The Post 2015 Mdgs Agenda1519 Words   |  7 Pagesother developing countries in meeting these goals. Thus, the success of the MDGs is threatened and it depends, to a great extent, in t he way conflict is addressed. We do believe that including a security-related target in the post-2015 agenda is essential in order to ensure that appropriate policy responses take place and to achieve significant publicity and support. One of the main development challenges today is to help fragile and conflict-affected countries to find its way to peace and developmentRead MorePhilippines Anti-Poverty Program Through Peoples Participation9113 Words   |  37 PagesPHILIPPINES ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAM THROUGH PARTICIPATORY PLANNING Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of St. La Salle Bacolod City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements In: Rural Development Management Professor: Dr. Enrique Paderes, PhD. Greg C. Villanueva 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Title Page †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 List of Figures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 PART I A. BACKGROUNDRead MorePhilippines Anti-Poverty Program Through Peoples Participation9101 Words   |  37 PagesPHILIPPINES ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAM THROUGH PARTICIPATORY PLANNING Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of St. La Salle Bacolod City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements In: Rural Development Management Professor: Dr. Enrique Paderes, PhD. Greg C. Villanueva 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Title Page †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 List of Figures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Read MoreFarming and Natural Resource Dynamics under Public-Private Partnership in Eastern Zambia1583 Words   |  6 Pagesdue to centralised governance systems that exclude local communities from accessing resources in protected areas [14]. Thus, Nyirenda et al. [15], note that CBNRM should contribute to improved collective action in NRM. The net benefits of this approach include among others rural poverty alleviation, enhancing conservation, strengthening rural economies, empowering local community management capability in order to lead to long-term social, economic and ecological benefits [13]. CBNRM has been implementedRead MoreDeveloping A Unified Un Country Team1619 Words   |  7 Pagescountry team with one programme, one leader, one budget, one office framework. Though there are cons traints related to the resource constraints experienced by the government partners which pose a threat to the sustainability of the programme yet DaO has yielded exceptional concrete outcomes and it has led to more programmatic flexibility at the country level. Introduction The collective actions and the future strategies of the United Nations in order to achieve national development is defined by aRead MoreDoctrine of Foreign Policy Constructed by U.S. Presidents1198 Words   |  5 PagesThere were many presidents of the United States that were able to construct doctrines during their presidency terms in office that defined their individual foreign policy goals and/or aims. Just to name a few there was the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, Truman Doctrine 1947 and the Reagan Doctrine of 1984. For example, the Monroe Doctrine was constructed for two main reasons: 1) John Adams, Secretary of State, suggested the principle that the Western hemisphere was not an option for any further colonization

Computer Studies Problem Solving Questions - 1672 Words

Faculty of Computer Studies Course Code: M107 Course Title: Introduction to C# Programming Fall 2016- 2017-Tutor Marked Assignment Cut-Off Date: 3rd December 2016 Total Marks: 80 Contents Part I: Theoretical Questions [20 Marks] Part II: Output and Debugging Questions [20 Marks] Part III: Problem Solving Questions [40 Marks] Plagiarism Warning: As per AOU rules and regulations, all students are required to submit their own TMA work and avoid plagiarism. The AOU has implemented sophisticated techniques for plagiarism detection. You must provide all references in case you use and quote another person s work in your TMA. You will be penalized for any act of plagiarism as per the AOU s rules and regulations. Declaration of No Plagiarism by Student (to be signed and submitted by student with TMA work): I hereby declare that this submitted TMA work is a result of my own efforts and I have not plagiarized any other person s work. I have provided all references of information that I have used and quoted in my TMA work. Name of Student: Signature: Date: Part I: Theoretical Questions (4 marks each) [20 Marks] 1. What is Type Casting in C#? Name the two forms of Type Castings in C#. Why is it needed? Because C# is statically-typed at compile time, after a variable is declared, it cannot be declared again or used to store values of another type unless that type is convertible to the variable s type. You might sometimes need to copy aShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Open Ended And Problem Solving1403 Words   |  6 PagesProblem solving requires multiple cognitive processes in order to determine a final resolution. These skills are critical to establish a proper solution for day to day problems, such as social problem solving, open ended/problem-solving questions, and advanced mathematical problem solving. However, these skills differ from one person to another, and some individuals excel in this area more then others. This paper will summarize whether there are gender differences in a variety of problem solvingRead MoreComputer Assisted Instruction ( Cai )1295 Words   |  6 PagesComputer Assisted Instruction (CAI): A New Approach In The Field Of Education Asst.Prof. Ambily Merlin Kuruvilla Assistant Professor Head of the Department –B.C.A. Saintgits College of Applied Sciences. Abstract The growth in information technology (IT) rapidly changed the world. The growth of e-Learning technologies implies the fact that the future education system will largely depend upon the electronic devices and computer aided technologies. Computer aided teaching techniques are much moreRead MoreImportance Of Acquiring Problem Solving Abilities1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Acquiring Problem Solving Abilities Daily activities require thinking and decision making. When an individual wakes up in the morning they are immediately faced with decisions to make. These decisions or self-regulated questions may be as simple as deciding to lay in bed a few extras minutes, getting up and showering, or not getting out of bed at all. Anytime a person is faced with a dilemma, they are using problem solving skills. Society’s demands on people create goal orientedRead MorePlagiarism And Academic Dishonesty Prevention Over Detection And Punishment1614 Words   |  7 PagesProblem 8: Please speculate on why we decided to make a problem set on academic honesty. I feel this problem set was designed to target plagiarism/academic dishonesty prevention over detection and punishment. Answering the questions in the problem set would ensure the following things: 1. Students understand the meaning of cheating and plagiarism and how to avoid it. 2. Students are clear about the expectations of the class. 3. Students understand the importance of honesty and personal developmentRead MoreEvolution of Cognitive Psychology1105 Words   |  5 Pagesprocesses involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, remembering, judging and problem-solving. Not only is cognitive psychology central to everything a person does in his or her everyday life, it is also central to psychology’s quest to understand how people think and act. Cognitive psychology is a key player within the interdisciplinary field of study termed â€Å"cognitive science.† Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary effort to understand the mind. Cognitive scienceRead MoreDissertation Review Essay993 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment 4 Dissertation Review By Gary Evan Mair An assignment submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for DISS-725 course as part of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Systems Graduate School of Computer and Information Sciences Nova Southeastern University DISS-725- The System Development Process Fall 2013 Professor: Dr. Yair Levy Due: December 10, 2013 2013 Title of the Dissertation:  Responsibility Factors of Reducing Inefficiencies inRead MoreEffect Of Integrating Computer Integrated Instruction For Students With Disabilities1220 Words   |  5 Pageseffect of incorporating computer integrated instruction for students with disabilities was analyzed through three different articles. In the first article Games for Engaged Learning of Middle School Children, the study focused on middle school students playing pre-algebra games and the outcome of their learning. There were three different games introduced to the students and the study found that the students were engaged, working together, and competitive. Part of the study tracked the studentsRead More Artificial Intelligence Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesArtificial Intelligence Computers are everywhere today. It would be impossible to go your entire life without using a computer. Cars, ATMs, and TVs we use everyday, and all contain computers. It is for this reason that computers and their software have to become more intelligent to make our lives easier and computers more accessible. Intelligent computer systems can and do benefit us all; however people have constantly warned that making computers too intelligent can be to our disadvantageRead MoreContributions to Digital Computing of Alan Turring Essay559 Words   |  3 PagesContributions to Digital Computing of Alan Turring Alan Turing was a dedicated mathematician who devoted his lives works to developing computer knowledge, as we know it today. Alan was born in London, England on June 23, 1912. Alan soon began to attend a local school and his interest in the science fields arose. His teachers an others would try and make him concentrate on other fields such as History an English but his craving for knowledge of mathematics drove him the opposite way. Turing’sRead MoreTechnology Skills in Todays Students1613 Words   |  6 Pagesliterate. It is about the meaningful use of these skills to enhance their learning. On the other hand, students can integrate technology skills in their learning when they use technology as tools for organization, communication, research, and problem solving. Also, these skills cannot be practiced separately but should be a part of each instructional event during school, in any subject (Eisenberg, Johnson, Berkowitz, 2010). Using technology as a tool is a fundamental concept to improve student learning

Philosophy The Immortality of the Soul and Personal Identity Free Essays

Introduction The Concise Oxford Dictionary defines â€Å"soul† as follows: â€Å"Spiritual or immaterial part of man, held to survive death.† This definition highlights the fact that the concept of life after death by means of a â€Å"soul† remains a matter of religious assertion. No authority can prove it. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy: The Immortality of the Soul and Personal Identity or any similar topic only for you Order Now In contrast, the highest authority, the Bible, says: â€Å"The soul that is sinning—it itself will die.† (Eclessiastes 3:11) â€Å"The dust returns to the earth just as it happened to be and the spirit itself returns to the true God who gave it.† In his Commentary, Wesleyan Methodist theologian Adam Clarke writes concerning this verse: â€Å"Here the wise man makes a most evident distinction between the body and the soul: they are not the same; they are not both matter. The body, which is matter, returns to dust, its original; but the spirit, which is immaterial, returns to God† (123).   Similarly, A Catholic Commentary on Holy Scripture says: â€Å"The soul goes back to God† (90). Thus, both commentaries imply that the soul and the spirit are the same. Through the birth of philosophical notion on the issue of people having an immortal soul, it could then be assured that through the different theories formed by early philosophers, many people were confused about the truth on the matter. Hence, to be able to clearly understand the issue, further studies were made and were formulated to answer the queries of people regarding a living soul. In the paragraphs to follow, the conversation of Miller and Weirob shall be examined as to how the two philosophers are Philosophy: The Immortality of the Soul and Personal Identity able to clarify the issues of an identical self that continuously thrives even after a person’s death. The Dialogue and the Claim In John Perry’s â€Å"A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality†, there is an indication of a conversation that existed between Miller and Weirob. The latter person signifies the existence of a connection between the continuous events in a person’s life that is identified as a personal identity of an individual. According to Miller, the immortality of the soul is the indication that a person’s identity is rather passed on through the years of life of the individual. In the conversation though, it has been pointed out by Weirob that the continuity of a person’s identity does not necessarily depend upon the life and death transition of a person’s experience. However, Miller continues to point out that the continuity of identity that is referred to as â€Å"stage† [a bunch of mental and physical events that are glued together; a set of events that are casually interacting within a person’s life], occurs in a person’s life just once as he is living. The said casual relations are then ‘glued’ together, hence the identity of the person continues well with the years of his life, from the point of his birth towards the days of his old age. A person’s capability of remembering the earlier days of his life helps him identify himself as the same person as he was during the past years compared to who he is at present. Saying this, Miller came up with four major hypotheses about a person’s ability to remember. The said hypotheses are as follows: Philosophy: The Immortality of the Soul and Personal Identity .            If Something is imaginable, it is possible  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is possible that there will be someone identical with Gretchen Weirob in Heaven  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If identity is imaginable then it is possible .          Survival is identity with a future person The fact that there has to be a certain connection between the events and the physical experiences that a person passes through life makes the possibility of a life after death experience, or the idea of an immortal soul a possible matter at that. According to Miller, the identity of person could only be tracked down through memory. Hence, once an event is remembered by a person then he gains the old personal identity he once had during his earlier or first life. This identity, according to him is someone that exists in heaven. This could be referred to as a complete depiction of the person that is living on earth at present. Hence, this simply means that the person living in today’s world at the present time has an identical person counterpart in heaven, which enables him to remember his past life completely. Weirob however, further argues that even though there exists an immortal soul as other philosophers claim, the said factor of human life [soul] cannot account for identity unlike how people could do as they live. Hence, reincarnation as a way of branching one person’s identity is not at all possible, or someone undoubtedly identical with the person living at present is possible at all.  Weirob proves this argument by pointing out the differences between remembering and seeming to remember. According to her, there is a big difference Philosophy: The Immortality of the Soul and Personal Identity between the two activities of the mind. Whereas remembering pertains to the ability of the person to recall the exact things as it all happened to him during an earlier part of his life. However, seeming to remember is to quite know what happened as it happened but not actually knowing the exact events that occurred. To support this claim, Weirob uses an example:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"if for a moment a person is hypnotized to remember as if he has talked to Miller, then another person actually talks to him, the result when asked may not be that easy to distinguish† Thus, a person could be able to remember something if it actually happened to him, however, at some point, some spirit testing and activities also enables a person to remember something that did not even happen. However, remembering in detail would not be that easy to copy as hypnotism does. Hence, here enters the idea of being able to ‘seemingly remember’ things. By stating the said claims, Weirob was also able to come up with her own hypotheses about the matter:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Examining the content of what a person is thinking or saying cannot establish whether that person is identical with a person existing at an earlier time (14,21)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Really remembering a thought or action is just ‘seeming to remember’ it plus having really thought or done it. Philosophy: The Immortality of the Soul and Personal Identity Clearly, Weirob points out that the argument of Miller is plainly proposing that  the real memory is a combination of apparent memory and identity. However, the circularity of the matter proves otherwise. As clearly discussed by Weirob, survival is possible for a person not through the plain ability of being able to remember memories but through continuous existence in life. It may not be through being reincarnated or things as such, but through the ability of the person to make himself be remembered by others even when after he dies through his works while he is still living. Conclusion Through the proofs and the dialogue discussed in this paper, it could then be claimed that the existence of an immortal or immaterial soul is then raised as a questionable theory created by world philosophers. Historians point out that the teaching that man possesses a separate, immortal soul did not originate with the Bible but with Greek philosophy. The New Catholic Encyclopedia observes that the ancient Hebrews did not think of man as being composed of a material body and an immaterial soul. It states about the Hebrews’ belief: â€Å"When the breath of life entered the first man whom God formed out of the ground, he became a ‘living being’ (134). Death was not regarded as a separation of two distinct elements in man, as in Greek philosophy; the breath of life departs and man is left a ‘dead being’. In each case the word ‘being’ would be the Hebrew [ne ´phesh], often translated ‘soul’ but, in fact, virtually equated with the person.† That same encyclopedia notes that Catholic scholars recently â€Å"have maintained that the New Testament does not teach the immortality of the soul in the Hellenistic [Greek] Philosophy: The Immortality of the Soul and Personal Identity sense.† It concludes: â€Å"The ultimate solution to the problem is to be found not so much in philosophical speculation as in the supernatural gift of the Resurrection.† Hence, as Weirob and Miller have argued in their conversation, it could be noted that philosophers of both the later and the present era have failed in concluding that there is an immortal soul that continues to thrive after a person’s death to continue one’s identity. In this regard, it could then be assumed, that as both experts such as Weirob and Miller have argued, there would still be some philosophers who would continue to prove and disprove the matter concerning the existence of a continuum of self-identity after death. However it would be, it would still help if a person tries to search in his own way to be able to find the truth about this theory. BIBLIOGRAPHY Catholic New American Bible. (1970). P. J. Kenedy Sons, New York. The Protestant Interpreter’s Bible. (1989). Blackwell Publishing Company. Concise Oxford Dictionary. (1987). Blackwell Publishing Company. Ralph Earle. (1997). Adam Clarke’s Commentary. Nelson Reference. John R. Perry. (1978). A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality. Hackett Publishing Company   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Dangerous Road†. (July 20, 1990). Time Magazine. Volume 9 Number 5. New York. How to cite Philosophy: The Immortality of the Soul and Personal Identity, Essay examples

Legacy Systems Management

Question: Write an Eassay on Legacy Systems? Answer: Introduction The old technologies, method, application system or computer system is known as legacy system in the computing world. The legacy systems that are still in use are in a dire need of replacement. There are many organizations that still use these legacy systems. These legacy systems are still in use because it is been in use since the earliest period of time and the organizations are hesitant to change them completely. The organizations are hesitant because of the fact that if the whole system is changed than how will the organizations keep running till the new systems are installed (Aciworldwide.com, 2015). Many new systems or computer programs are developed these days, they are far more easy and flexible in nature. The computer languages that are in huge demand and are being used in many organizations are: c, c++, java and unix. Still the use of legacy system is present in many organizations. Significance Of Legacy Systems Organizations spend a huge amount of money to install software systems to get the desired results. They spend the money thinking that the software will be in use for many years. Market is changing constantly in a fast pace ad with it the software are being updated as well as many new software are being introduced in the market. Still the companies tend to stick with the software that they have been using for a long time. Organizations still rely on the old systems because these systems play a very vital role in the organizations services or products. Many old systems have become very vital in many businesses because they perform their daily work using these legacy systems. Situation might arise where the organization will not be able to function if these systems collapse (Aciworldwide.com, 2015). A constant change is taking place in each part of the market and these legacy systems have incorporated all these changes over the years. It can be said in a way that these systems have a lo t of information in them and changing it would be a very difficult task. Organizations change or replace their machines and systems frequently to match with the change in market, but changing these legacy systems might be a little risky. Changing the systems to incorporate new and latest systems might produce results that are not correct or may not perform up to the mark as it used to do earlier. Advantages Of Legacy Systems Using legacy systems could cost the organization more than using a new system, but there are many advantages of using these legacy systems (Aciworldwide.com, 2015). Some of the advantages of Legacy systems are as follows: Risks related to installing new systems that have not used before will be reduced. This is so because the organization knows how to work with the present system and know the results that are generated from using the legacy systems. The organization will not have to spend any money, thus cost to install a new system will not come to play. With the changing market the legacy system have also incorporated these changes in them and by doing so they have a lot of vital information present in them. They have information about the company from the earliest of time and thus all these data can be easily accessed. Installing a new software will complicate accessing data and the method of working. Modernizing Legacy Systems The legacy systems can be completely replaced or updated. There may be a lot of challenges in modernizing legacy system that is present in any organization. A legacy system can be modernized to meet the new demands in the market. With passing time new and fresh software are launched that are more flexible, less complicated, structured and less costly. The legacy systems can be replaced with any of the software that is close enough to the requirement of the company, but replacing the whole system may come with many risks (Aciworldwide.com, 2015). The legacy system can be updated, updating the system will be a better option as the whole system will not be changed and the functionality will remain same. Updating legacy system will be helpful for the company. The company then will not have to appoint new employees or expert who knows how to work with the new software. There will be no change in platform and thus the result obtained will be consistent. Conclusion A legacy system has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Companies or organization have to change their working method with the change in the market. To stay ahead in the competition the systems must be modernized to a length where there are no risks or damage to the organization. Reference com,. (2015).Managing complexity - living with legacy systems. Retrieved 25 May 2015, from https://www.aciworldwide.com/en/News-and-events/ACI-in-the-news/111202-Managing-complexity-living-with-legacy-systems.aspx Libby, S., Van Bibber, K. (2010).Edward Teller Centennial Symposium. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific. Ulrich, W., Newcomb, P. (2010).Information systems transformation. Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann Object Management Group/Elsevier. Young, D., McCarthy, S. (1999).Managing integrated delivery systems. Washington, D.C.: AUPHA Press.

Pest Anlysis of Sony free essay sample

Pest analysis is another marketing tool. Pest analysis examines the changes in the marketplace caused by political, economic, social and technological factors. Political factors changes involve one party to another who are in control. For example rises in private healthcare and privatisations, which is under the conservative government. Economic factors changes include changes such as a recession creating activity at the lower ends of the product price ranges. Also for instance the rate of interest rates rising depressing businesses, causing redundancies and lower spending levels Social factors changes include changing lifestyles and attitudes. The increase in women leaving work. , Also leading to the need for-time saving produces for home Technological factors involves changes as the public see it, this creates opportunities for the new products and product improvements and marketing techniques such as the Internet, e-commerce. Political factors within Sony Political factors can have a direct impact on the way Sony operates. Decisions made by government affect every day businesses and can come in the form of policy or legislation. The political factors have a huge influence upon the regulation of businesses. Political factors effecting Sony can include the government laws such as the introduction to the minimum wage affects the employees of Sony as the hourly rate increases each year, every time the minimum wage increase Sony will have to pay taxes. This means less profit for Sony, unless they increase prices of items. Introduction on euro makes trading easier, the exchange may drop in the UK, making Sony easier to expand. The policy Protectionism puts barriers on imports into a country to protect domestic producers which can affect the imports of Sony product in a positive light. Economic factors within Sony The economic factors effecting Sony can include the fall of Interest rates are low. Interests each year has decreased drastically overall from 1998 6. 25% to 2001 of 4%, leaving the average rate of 5. 4%. When Sony has to pay interest on loans, the fall in interest rates reduces interest costs for in Sony. Alternatively a rise in interest rates will increase interest costs for the business. On the contrary High interest rates can make the pound an attractive currency for foreign investors, who can invest in the pound and raise its value relative to other currencies. When the pound has a high value relative to other currencies it is difficult to export from the UK, as UK exports are overpriced internationally, but it is cheap to import goods into the UK. Meaning it is a good time for Sony to expand the business further. Analysed from statistics unemployment rates have decreased each year from 1998 to 2002. From the rates in 1998 it can be identified judging from the average rate it has decreased by 1. 1%. The fall in unemployment rates may cause Sony some problems in the process of recruiting new employees in to the business. Exchange rate each year has decreased despite in the final year 2001 and 2002 the exchange has increased by 0. 6% summing the average to 1. 5. Inflation rates over the period of 2000 to 2003 have decreased each year. Exchange rate each year has decreased despite in the final year 2001 and 2002 the exchange has increased by 0. 6% summing the average to 1. 5. Inflation rates over the period of 2000 to 2003 have decreased each year. Social factors Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external environment. The social and cultural influences of Sony vary from country to country. These factors affect Sony customers needs and size of potential markets. Social factors include health consciousness of customers, customers health rates my be decreasing meaning les customers within Sony. The population of growth can affect Sony as the most increasing ages begin from 50+. The older population may not be interested in the latest Sony products include more features despite the greater income they may receive. The older population tend to be interested in the simplicity of products. The varied countries such as third world countries. For example some Asian and African countries may not be able to afford to buy Sony products, which sell quite expensive products, instead these consumers will alternatively buy a cheaper brand. If consumers of Sony work fall hours at there place of work, consumers leisure time will be limited meaning less view of the Television and entertainment products which Sony specialise in. Changes in home life have a major influence on attitudes and expectations. Telephone and catalogue sales are increasingly popular. Technological factors of Sony The technological factors include Mechanisation and automation, Processes, Invention and innovation and Internet. Within the UK there may be a shortage of IT worker which can causes a hinder to Sony, within the IT department, shortage of IT worker can cause inconsistency when a computer breaks. Mechanisation and automation- The production, storage and marketing of Sony products can be affected by the increased use of new technology such as televisions now being attached to DVD’s and VCR’S, downloading, buying illegal products. Processes – the need to cut costs, speed up production and compete effectively is a huge driver with Sony. Invention and innovation – The need to create new technology and new productions within Sony can be a major drive for the research and development department within the company. A business such as Sony who have achieved a breakthrough which is patented is a major sustainable competitive advantage over other competitors. For example Sony are spending millions on updating, adding new features onto products regularly. Internet – the use of the Internet for business-to-business transactions, such as relations with the suppliers and supply chain management of Sony is the most important technological change currently affecting Sony. The way in which Sony respond to developments such as creating new products can determine their competitive future.

Dead Sea Scrolls Essays - Dead Sea Scrolls, Qumran, Community Rule

Dead Sea Scrolls While pursuing one of his goats into a cave near the Dead Sea in the Jordan Desert, in 1947, a fifteen year old boy by the name of Muhammad adh-Dhib, stumbled on to a great discovery. Inside the cave, he found broken jars that contained scrolls written in a strange language, wrapped in linen cloth and leather.1 This first discovery produced seven scrolls and started an archaeological search that produced thousands of scroll fragments in eleven caves. The Dead Sea is located in Israel and Jordan, east of Jerusalem. The dead sea is very deep, salty, and it's the lowest body of water in the world. Because the dead sea is at such a low elevation, the climate has a high evaporation rate but a very low humidity which helped to preserve the scrolls.2 Archaeologists searched for the dwelling of the people that may have left the scrolls in the caves. The archaeologist excavated a ruin located between the cliffs where the scrolls were found and the dead sea. This ruin is called Qumran. The ruins and the scrolls were dated by the carbon 14 method and found to be from the third century which made them the oldest surviving biblical manuscript by at least 1000 years. Since the first discoveries archaeologists have found over 800 scrolls and scroll fragments in 11 different caves in the surrounding area. In fact, there are about 100,000 fragments found in all. Most of which were written on goat skin and sheep skin. A few were on papyrus, a plant used to make paper, but one scroll was engraved on copper sheeting telling of sixty buried treasure sites.3Because the scrolls containing the directions to the treasures is unable to be fully unrolled, the treasures have not been found yet. In all, the texts of the scrolls were remarkable. They contained unknown psalms, Bible commentary, calendar text, mystical texts, apocalyptic texts, liturgical texts, purity laws , bible stories, and fragments of every book in the Old Testament except that of Esther, including a imaginative paraphrase of the Book of Genesis. Also found were texts, in the original languages, of several books of the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha. These texts?none of which was included in the Hebrew canon of the Bible?are Tobit, Sirach, Jubilees, portions of Enoch, and the Testament of Levi, up to this time known only in early Greek, Syriac, Latin, and Ethiopic versions.4 John Trever of the W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research, was allowed to investigate the scrolls and was stunned to find that the scrolls closely resemble the Nash Papyrus, the once known oldest fragment of the Hebrew Bible dated at or around 150 BC. One of the scrolls was a complete copy of the book of the prophet Isaiah. Trever also examined three other scrolls; the Manual of Discipline, a commentary on the book of Habbakuk, and one called the Genesis Apocryphon. Trever took photographs of the texts to William Foxwell Albright ; of John Hopkins University in Baltimore, who declared the scrolls dated back to around 100 BC.5 The scroll and fragments found in the Qumran is a library of information that contains books or works written in three different languages: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. Many scholars separated the scrolls into three different categories: Biblical - Books found in the Hebrew Bible. Apocryphal or psuedepigraphical - Works not in some Bibles but included in others. Sectarian - ordinances, biblical commentaries, apocalyptic visions, and sacred works.6 One of the longer text, found in Qumran is the Tehillim or Psalms Scroll. It was found in 1956 in cave 11 and unrolled in 1961. It is a assortment of Psalms, hymns and an indifferent passage about the psalms authored by King David. It is written on sheep skin parchment and it has the thickest surface of any of the scrolls.7 The Manual Of Discipline or Community Rule contains rules, warnings and punishments to violators of the rules of the desert sect called Yahad. It also contains the methods of joining the community, the relations among the members, their way of life , and their beliefs. The sect believed that human nature and all that happens in the world is predestined. The scroll ends with songs of praise of God. The scroll was found in cave 4 and cave 5 and It was written on parchment. The longest version was found in cave 4.8 The War Rule is commonly referred to as the "Pierced Messiah" text. It refers to a Messiah who came from the line of David, to be

Collision of Two Monorails in Walt Disney World Resort

Collision of Two Monorails in Walt Disney World Resort Introduction At approximately 2.00 am 5th July, 2009, an accident occurred at the Walt Disney Resort. It involved a collision of two monorails that were moving on the Epcot beam, next to the Concourse station in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. The accident took place after one of the monorails (the Pink monorail) reversed via an improperly aligned-beam, in effect hitting the Purple monorail (National Transportation Safety Board 2). Although the six passengers did not sustain any injuries, the operator was seriously injured and he later died.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Collision of Two Monorails in Walt Disney World Resort specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the Purple monorail only had the operator as the sole occupant. He was rushed to hospital and upon examination, was discharged (National Transportation Safety Board 2). At the time of the accident the weather was very clear. The damage as a re sult of the monorail accident was estimated to have amounted to $ 24 million. Cause of the accident The federal investigators who were commissioned to initiate a probe into the probable cause of the monorail accident reported that lack of sufficient safety protocols may have contributed to the occurrence of the two monorails in Walt Disney Resort. These investigations were conducted for almost two-and-a-half years. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) released a 14-page report on the accident, in which a couple of employee errors were highlighted as the main causes of the accident (National Transportation Safety Board para. 1). This report appears to somewhat contradict with the investigations conducted by the federal government investigators, who noted faulted the lack of standard operating schedules at the Walt Disney World Resort, arguing that this could have played a significant role in establishing an unsafe environment, in effect causing the accident when the train reversed and hit the other one. How the monorail system in Disney World works There are two areas set aside to facilitate servicing of the monorails in Disney World. The first designated area is referred to as the Epcot, while the second designated area is referred to as Magic Kingdom Park. On the one hand, the Magic Kingdom Park service area is made up of two monorail beams. The two monorail beams run parallel, effectively forming a complete loop (National Transportation Safety Board 4). The Express beam is on the outside, while the Lagoon/Resort beam is on the inside. On the other hand, the Epcot service area is made up of the Epcot beam. The Epcot beam has also formed a complete loop.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When the accident took place, there were a total of five monorails operating at the Walt Disney Resort and they were identified the Purple, Pin k, Red, Coral, and Silver colors (National Transportation Safety Board 6). A spur beam acts as a link between the two service areas. Switch beam 9 lies at one end of the spur-beam, while switch-beam 8 lies at the other end. If you want a monorail to move from one beam to another, all you have to do is reposition them accordingly. The closure of the Magic Kingdom Park does prevent the monorails from undertaking their duties as there is a time allowance allocated to facilitate this. By and large, the Express beam monorails may operate for about an hour once the park has closed. After 3 hours following the closing of the park, the monorails on the Resort beam can no longer work, and this have to be returned for nightly maintenance at the mechanical facility via the Express beam. When this particular accident took place, three monorails were operating on the Epcot beam. They include the Purple, Pink, and Coral monorails. Because all the passengers had already disembarked from the Pink m onorail, it was directed to the Express beam first so that it could be serviced overnight. It is important to note that the Pink monorail could have only accessed the mechanical facility via the Express beam. At approximately, 1.53 am., the central coordinator of the monorail issues instructions to the Pink monorail operator to enable him get onto the Express beam and back to the mechanical facility. However, the Pink monorail did not stop until it had moved beyond the switch-beam 9. That is when the operator communicated with the central operator and told him that switch-beam 9 had been cleared. This prompted the central coordinator to get in touch with the shop panel operator so that he could line switch-beams 8 and 9 to the spur-line with power (National Transportation Safety board, 2009). Power was then switched from the Epcot beam to facilitate the switch-beam realignment. Upon conducting further investigations, the National Transportation Safety Board concluded that the shop p anel operator may have failed to position switch-beam 9 properly, and this could have led to the collision. The board also took issues with the monorail manager who is supposed to play the role of a central coordinator in determining the position of switch-beam 9 prior to authorizing the driver of the Pink monorail to reverse. The investigations further revealed that once the operators had switched off power to the beam, there was no prompt initiation of the switch-beam realignment. The shop panel operator received a call from the operator of the Silver monorail at 1:55 Am., so that he could be guided while entering the mechanical facility. At 1:56 Am., the shop panel operator received another call from the Red monorail operator who also wished to enter the facility but he was requested to first hold at a given location (Orlando Business Journal para. 4).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Collision of Two Monorails in Walt Disney World Resort specificall y for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the interrogation, the shop panel operator told the investigator that the reason why he switched on power to the Epcot beam was because according to his understanding, there was proper alignment of the switch-beam. At 1:57 Am., the Pink monorail operator was given the clearance to reverse by the central coordinator, having been informed by the shop panel operator that Switch-beams 8 and 9 are on the spur-line with power (National Transportation Safety Board 6). When the operator of the Pink monorail started to reverse, switch-beams 9 and 8 were yet to be repositioned and as a result, he ended up colliding on the Epcot beam. It is important to note that the Pink monorail was previously travelling on the Epcot beam, and the Purple monorail was also following the same beam. Verdict of the investigators The National Transportation Safety Board has also taken issue with Walt Disney over the accidents on three fronts. According to the investigations, employees from the World Resort are not obliged to observe specific operating guide. This means that monorail drivers are not obliged to shift to the back cab first before they can drive in reverse. This way, they are in a position to drive the trains in a ‘forward-facing’ position (National Transportation Safety Board 8). Moreover, the investigator noted that the management at Disney World had not implemented a rule that would ensure that the central coordinator did not leave the central tower. At the tower, there is an emergency shutdown switch and a grid that shows the alignment of all the monorail beams and as such, the central operator would have been in a position to prevent the collision had he been at the control tower when the collision occurred. Finally, there were no procedures at the resort that demanded monorail shop operators to certify that indeed the beam had already been aligned once they had activated the switch command (National Transportation Safety Board 9). Although there are video monitors at the shop that enables the shop operators to view the positions of the switch beams, nonetheless, the shop operators informed the investigators that they mainly used the monitors when they needed to determine if there was any train on the beam prior to activating the switch, as opposed to certifying if there had been a realignment of the track once the command had been entered.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Investigations into the collision of two monorails at Walt Disney Resort confirmed that the accident took place due to the failure by poor operating procedures by the personnel in-charge of the monorail maintenance shop that is charged with the responsibility of controlling the switches at the track system. Also, investigations revealed that at the time of the accident, the central operator had left the central tower and as such, he could not have been able to manage the accident promptly. From the control tower, the monorail systems coordinator would have been in a better position to detect that there was an improper alignment of the track system, and this could have prevented the collision. National Transportation Safety Board.2009. Railroad Accident Brief. 2009. Web. https://www.ntsb.gov/Pages/default.aspx National Transportation Safety Board. 2011. NTSB releases final report on 2009Â  monorail collision at Walt Disney World. 2011. Web. Orlando Business Journal. 2011 . NTSB issues report on Disney monorail crash. Web.